How Occupational Therapists Can Support People with ADHD
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects people across all ages and walks of life. It influences how individuals focus, organise, regulate their emotions, and participate in daily routines. While ADHD is often discussed in terms of medication and behavioural support, occupational therapists (OTs) play a vital but sometimes under-recognised role in helping people with ADHD lead balanced and fulfilling lives.
Occupational therapy focuses on participation — the ability to engage in the meaningful activities that make up daily life. For people with ADHD, this might include getting ready in the morning, managing work or study tasks, maintaining relationships, or pursuing leisure activities.
Understanding ADHD from an Occupational Therapy Perspective
Occupational therapists take a whole-person approach to ADHD. Instead of focusing only on symptoms, OTs consider how ADHD impacts daily participation — including routines, sensory preferences, executive function skills, and emotional wellbeing.
This means therapy is highly individualised. The focus might be on developing practical strategies, adapting environments, or supporting self-awareness — whatever helps the person thrive in their day-to-day life.
1. Supporting Executive Function Skills
Executive functions are the “management system” of the brain — helping us plan, prioritise, organise, and regulate our behaviour. Many individuals with ADHD struggle in these areas, making tasks like time management, completing work, or keeping track of personal items challenging.
Occupational therapists can support by:
Teaching time management strategies, such as using planners, reminders, and visual schedules.
Supporting task initiation and completion through activity breakdowns or checklists.
Introducing energy management and pacing techniques to prevent burnout.
Using coaching and reflective approaches to build self-awareness and confidence in daily routines.
These strategies not only improve performance but also empower individuals to take ownership of their own systems and supports.
2. Addressing Sensory Processing Needs
Many people with ADHD experience sensory processing differences. Some may be easily overwhelmed by sounds, lights, or textures, while others may seek constant movement or stimulation to stay focused.
Occupational therapists can help by:
Conducting a sensory assessment to identify patterns of sensitivity or seeking.
Recommending environmental adaptations, such as noise-reducing headphones, flexible seating, or visual organisation tools.
Creating sensory strategies for both calming and alerting needs — for example, movement breaks, weighted tools, or grounding techniques.
Supporting sensory-inclusive environments at school, home, or work.
Understanding sensory preferences helps individuals regulate better, feel more comfortable, and perform at their best.
3. Building Emotional Regulation and Self-Awareness
Emotional regulation is another area that can be challenging for people with ADHD. Quick shifts in mood, frustration, or anxiety often accompany difficulties with focus and impulsivity.
Occupational therapists support emotional wellbeing by:
Teaching self-regulation strategies such as mindfulness, deep breathing, or movement-based techniques.
Encouraging mind-body awareness through interoception and sensory-based approaches.
Promoting self-compassion and resilience through strength-based conversations.
Supporting daily habits that influence emotional stability — like sleep, nutrition, and physical activity.
This holistic approach helps individuals build confidence and feel more in control of their responses and routines.
4. Creating Supportive Routines and Environments
For many people with ADHD, structure can reduce overwhelm and support success. Occupational therapists work with clients to create routines and environments that make sense for their lifestyle and cognitive profile.
Examples include:
Developing morning and evening routines that reduce stress.
Designing workspace or study zones that minimise distractions.
Simplifying organisation systems (like “drop zones” for keys, bags, and important items).
Supporting family or partner education to promote understanding and consistency.
OTs help individuals build systems that work with their brain — not against it.
5. Advocating for Neurodiversity and Inclusion
Occupational therapists are also advocates for neurodiversity awareness and inclusion. By educating workplaces, schools, and communities about ADHD, they help create environments that celebrate strengths and reduce barriers.
This includes:
Promoting reasonable adjustments and accommodations.
Supporting self-advocacy and communication of needs.
Encouraging recognition of ADHD as a difference, not a deficit.
Final Thoughts
Occupational therapists play an essential role in supporting people with ADHD to live balanced, meaningful lives. Through understanding, practical strategies, and a focus on participation, OTs help individuals not just manage challenges — but thrive.
If you or someone you know is living with ADHD and finding daily routines challenging, an occupational therapist can help.
📩 Get in touch today to learn how occupational therapy can support you or your loved one. For in person Occupational Therapy appointments in St Andrews and Dundee, check out the St Andrews Practice.
