ADHD and Sensory Processing Differences - understanding the connection

Child buzzing with thoughts and ideas

Living with ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) involves much more than challenges with focus, impulsivity, or hyperactivity. For many individuals, differences in sensory processing also play a major role in how they experience and navigate the world.

Sensory processing refers to the way the brain receives, interprets, and responds to sensory information — such as sights, sounds, textures, tastes, smells, and movement. When these systems function differently, everyday experiences can feel either overwhelming or underwhelming, impacting attention, regulation, and wellbeing. For others difficulty with discriminating sensory input can affect coordination and motor planning.

What Is Sensory Processing?

Our sensory system helps us make sense of the world through eight senses — not just the five we commonly think of. In addition to sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch, we also rely on:

• Proprioception: our sense of body awareness and movement.

• Vestibular input: our sense of balance and spatial orientation.

• Interoception: awareness of internal sensations such as hunger, thirst, or emotional states.

For individuals with sensory processing differences, the brain may interpret sensory information too strongly (over-responsive), too weakly (under-responsive), or inconsistently. This can lead to feeling easily overwhelmed, distracted, or constantly seeking movement and stimulation.

The Link Between ADHD and Sensory Processing

Research and clinical practice increasingly show that ADHD and sensory processing differences often coexist. Many children and adults with ADHD experience heightened or reduced sensitivity to sensory input.

Some key overlaps include:

• Sensory seeking behaviours: fidgeting, moving frequently, or craving touch and sound to stay alert.

• Sensory sensitivity: becoming easily distracted or distressed by noises, textures, or lights.

• Regulation challenges: difficulty managing arousal levels, leading to fluctuations between hyperactivity and fatigue.

• Attention variability: sensory overload can make it hard to focus, while sensory under-responsiveness may cause daydreaming or zoning out.

It’s important to recognise that for many these behaviours are not simply “inattention” or “hyperactivity” — they’re often a response to how the brain processes sensory input.

Everyday Impact

For individuals with ADHD, sensory processing differences can affect many aspects of daily life:

• At school or work: noisy environments, bright lights, or visual clutter can make it hard to focus.

• At home: textures, clothing tags, or meal sensations might trigger discomfort.

• In social settings: crowds, smells, or background sounds can quickly lead to overwhelm or shutdown.

These experiences can contribute to increased anxiety, fatigue, and emotional stress — and may be misunderstood by others as lack of motivation or discipline.

Strategies for Support

Supporting sensory processing needs resulting from sensory differences can make a significant difference in attention, comfort, and overall wellbeing. A few helpful approaches include:

1. Understand your sensory needs and preferences.

Completing a sensory screening or consultation can help identify which sensory systems are over- or under-responsive.

2. Modify your environment.

Adjust lighting, reduce background noise, or add calming sensory tools (weighted lap pad, noise-cancelling headphones, movement breaks).

3. Build sensory regulation routines.

Integrate movement, mindfulness, or calming activities throughout the day to maintain balance.

4. Educate others.

Helping teachers, employers, or family members understand sensory needs promotes empathy and practical support.

The Importance of Awareness

Recognising the sensory component of ADHD can transform how individuals understand themselves — and how others support them. Sensory-informed strategies not only enhance focus and regulation but also promote self-acceptance and empowerment.

If you or someone you support has ADHD and finds everyday environments overwhelming or draining, exploring sensory processing could be a key step toward improved wellbeing.

Want to Learn More?

As an experienced occupational therapist with over two decades of clinical practice, I offer Sensory Screening and Coaching Services to help individuals better understand their sensory preferences and needs.

For children and young people, I offer an in person service at the St Andrews Practice in Scotland.

Together, we can explore how sensory processing shapes your experiences — and build strategies that truly support you.